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1.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 38(1): 1-4, jan.mar.2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428731

ABSTRACT

Pectus excavatum(PE) is a congenital chest deformity characterized by deep depression in the sternum. Autologous fat transplantation has been used for aesthetic purposes, mainly on the face, and has recently gained relevance in thoracic and breast surgeries. The present study aims to present a case of mild PE associated with hypomastia. A 24-year-old female patient attended the consultation for breast augmentation due to hypomastia, but the clinical examination also revealed an associated mild PE that the patient did not notice. Surgical planning included breast augmentation and autologous fat transfer. A 260ml silicone breast implant was used, and 250ml of fat was injected in the sternal region and the lower medial contour of the breasts. There were no complications during the 12-month follow-up period. The combination of augmentation mammoplasty and fat transplantation in treating PE deformity proved to be a minimally invasive, good, safe option with high patient satisfaction.


Pectus excavatum (PE) é uma deformidade torácica congênita, caracterizada como uma depressão profunda no esterno. O transplante autólogo de gordura tem sido utilizado para fins estéticos, principalmente na face, e recentemente ganhou relevância nas cirurgias torácica e das mamas. O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar um caso de PE leve associado a hipomastia. Uma paciente de 24 anos compareceu à consulta para mamoplastia de aumento por hipomastia, mas o exame clínico também revelou um PE leve associado que não foi percebido pela paciente. O planejamento cirúrgico incluiu a mamoplastia de aumento e a transferência de gordura autóloga. Foi utilizado um implante mamário de silicone de 260ml, e uma quantidade total de 250ml de gordura foi injetada na região esternal e no contorno medial inferior das mamas. Não houve complicações durante o período de acompanhamento de 12 meses. A associação de mamoplastia de aumento e transplante de gordura no tratamento da deformidade de PE revelou-se uma opção minimamente invasiva, boa, segura e com alta satisfação da paciente.

2.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 73(1): 104-107, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420656

ABSTRACT

Abstract The regional techniques for axillary analgesia are well established. However, few studies have investigated surgical anesthesia. In this report, extensive debridement of axillary necrotizing fasciitis, including the posteromedial region of the right arm, performed under exclusive regional anesthesia in a patient with probable difficult airway is described. The procedure was accomplished under a Serratus Plane Block (SPB) and supraclavicular brachial plexus block, guided by ultrasound, and with venous sedation. We observed satisfactory anesthesia 15 minutes after the intervention, efficient intraoperative pain control and within the following 24 hours. Surgical axilla anesthesia is feasible with the described blocks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brachial Plexus , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/surgery , Brachial Plexus Block/methods , Pain , Axilla , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Debridement , Anesthetics, Local
3.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 38(4): e20220305, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449547

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Postoperative bleeding is one of the main causes of complications in cardiovascular surgery, which highlights the importance of ensuring adequate intraoperative hemostasis, providing a better patient outcome. This study aimed to improve the prevention of postoperative bleeding in the Cardiovascular Surgery Department of the Hospital Estadual Mário Covas (Santo André, Brazil) using an adapted version of the Papworth Haemostasis Checklist to assess the impact of this standardization on bleeding rate, postoperative complications, reoperation, and mortality. Methods: This is a non-randomized controlled clinical trial, whose non-probabilistic sample consisted of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the abovementioned service within a two-year interval. The Papworth Haemostasis Checklist was adapted to the Brazilian laboratory parameters and the questions were translated into Portuguese. This checklist was used before the surgeon started the chest wall closure. Patients were followed up until 30 days after surgery. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically relevant. Results: This study included 200 patients. After the checklist, a reduction in 24-hour drain output, postoperative complications, and reoperation was observed, although statistical significance was not reached. Finally, there was a significant reduction in the number of deaths (8 vs. 2; P=0.05). Conclusion: The use of the adapted checklist in our hospital proved to be an effective intervention to improve the prevention of postoperative bleeding, with a direct impact in the number of deaths in the study period. The reduction in deaths was possible thanks to the reduction in the bleeding rate, postoperative complications, and reoperations for bleeding.

4.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 94(1): e303, 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1439314

ABSTRACT

El tumor de Askin o tumor primitivo neuroectodérmico es una neoplasia de células pequeñas redondas que se origina de los tejidos blandos de la pared torácica, probablemente a partir de células embrionarias que migran de la cresta neural. Son tumores muy agresivos que metastatizan rápidamente y de forma diseminada. Clínicamente, los pacientes presentan una masa de tejidos blandos en la pared del tórax que puede cursar o no con dolor. Otras manifestaciones incluyen disnea, tos, pérdida de peso, síndrome de Horner y adenopatías regionales. La radiografía de tórax muestra una masa heterogénea extrapulmonar, por lo general de gran tamaño, que puede opacificar completamente el hemitórax. El pronóstico del tumor de Askin es pobre; sin embargo, el uso combinado de quimioterapia, cirugía y radiación ha mejorado el resultado de forma drástica.


Askin tumor or primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a small round cells' neoplasia, which originates in the chest's soft tissues probably from embryonic cells that migrate from the neural crest. They are very aggressive tumors that metastasize and disseminate quickly. Clinically, patients show a soft tissue mass in the chest that may or may not be accompanied by pain. Other manifestations include dyspnea, cough, weight loss, Horner syndrome and regional lymphadenopathy. Chest radiographies show a usually large extrapulmonary heterogeneous mass, which can completely opacify the hemithorax. The prognosis is poor; however, the combined use of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation has improved results dramatically.


O tumor de Askin ou tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo é uma neoplasia de pequenas células redondas que se origina dos tecidos moles da parede torácica, provavelmente de células embrionárias que tem migrado da crista neural. São tumores muito agressivos que metastatizam e se disseminam rapidamente. Clinicamente, os pacientes apresentam uma massa de partes moles na parede torácica que pode ou não causar dor. Outras manifestações incluem dispneia, tosse, perda de peso, síndrome de Horner e linfadenopatia regional. A radiografia de tórax mostra uma massa extrapulmonar heterogênea, geralmente grande, que pode opacar completamente o hemitórax. O prognóstico do tumor de Askin é ruim; no entanto, o uso combinado de quimioterapia, cirurgia e radiação tem melhorado drasticamente o resultado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnostic imaging , Thoracic Wall/pathology , Radiography, Thoracic
5.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 93(2): e604, dic. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1411595

ABSTRACT

El pectus excavatum (PEX) es una deformación de la pared torácica que obedece a una alteración de los cartílagos costales con el consiguiente hundimiento del esternón. Históricamente se clasificaba como un defecto únicamente estético o cosmético, sin embargo en los últimos años se han desarrollado nuevos métodos de estudio para la valoración de las repercusiones de esta patología, y existe cada vez más bibliografía que demuestra importantes repercusiones funcionales. Se realizó una puesta al día de las repercusiones pulmonares de la patología y análisis de los artículos más relevantes de los últimos años. Los síntomas respiratorios son frecuentes, estando presentes en más de la mitad de los pacientes. Se ha demostrado una disminución de la CVF, VEF1 y PEF25%-75%; así como la presencia de un patrón restrictivo y/o obstructivo, un aumento del VR y una alteración de la dinámica respiratoria. Se ha objetivado la afectación del PEX sobre la función pulmonar, determinando categóricamente que esta patología presenta una importante repercusión funcional.


Pectus excavatum (PEX) is a thoracic wall malformation due to an alteration of the costal cartilages with subsequent sinking of the sternum. Historically, it was considered a mere aesthetic or cosmetic defect, however, in recent years, new assessment methods have been developed to evaluate the repercussions of this pathology, and there is an increasing literature that demonstrates important functional consequences. We carried out an update of this pathology's pulmonary repercussions and analyzed the most relevant articles of the recent years. Respiratory symptoms are frequent, present in more than half of the patients. A decrease in FVC, FEV1 and PEF25%-75% has been shown; as well as the presence of a restrictive and/or obstructive pattern, an increase in RV and an alteration in respiratory dynamics. The affectation of PEX on pulmonary function has been objectified, and it has been determined categorically that this pathology has important functional consequences.


Pectus excavatum (PEX) é uma deformação da parede torácica devido a uma alteração das cartilagens costais com consequente afundamento do esterno. Historicamente, foi classificado como um defeito exclusivamente estético ou cosmético, porém, nos últimos anos, novos métodos de estudo foram desenvolvidos para avaliar as repercussões dessa patologia, e há uma literatura crescente que demonstra importantes repercussões funcionais. Foi realizada uma atualização das repercussões pulmonares da patologia e análise dos artigos mais relevantes dos últimos anos. Os sintomas respiratórios são frequentes, estando presentes em mais da metade dos pacientes. Foi demonstrada uma diminuição da CVF, VEF1 e PEF25-75%; bem como a presença de padrão restritivo e/ou obstrutivo, aumento do VD e alteração da dinâmica respiratória. A afetação do PEX na função pulmonar tem sido objetivada, determinando categoricamente que esta patologia apresenta importante repercussão funcional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Funnel Chest/complications , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/etiology , Exercise Tolerance
6.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 17(44): 3495, 20220304. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1410997

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O pectus carinatum (PC) é uma deformidade incomum da parede torácica, que geralmente surge na infância e se acentua na adolescência. Essa malformação pode levar a distúrbios estéticos e de autoestima, além de problemas respiratórios, que se devem à restrição da parede torácica. Existem poucos estudos brasileiros dedicados exclusivamente ao PC, e a maioria desses trabalhos direciona-se ao estudo do pectus excavatum (PE) ou de ambas as condições de forma conjunta. Apresentação do caso: Apresenta-se o caso de um paciente de 13 anos, masculino, que procura atendimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) por surgimento de tumefação em região paraesternal. Nega sintomas físicos, porém relata constrangimento e desconforto estético com a presença da proeminência. Conclusões: A abordagem multidisciplinar da deformidade torácica é fundamental na aceitação e no tratamento, tendo a APS um papel essencial Toda a equipe deve auxiliar e proporcionar, por meio do tratamento, melhor qualidade de vida estética, física e emocional ao paciente, fatores estes que nos impulsionaram a documentar este caso.


Introduction: Pectus carinatum (PC) is an unusual deformity of the chest wall that usually arises in childhood and becomes more pronounced in adolescence. This malformation can lead to aesthetic and self-esteem disorders, in addition to respiratory problems, due to the restriction of the chest wall. There are few Brazilian studies dedicated exclusively to PC, and most are directed at pectus excavatum or the investigation of both conditions jointly. Presentation of the case: In this case, a 13-year-old male sought medical attention in primary health care (PHC) because of the appearance of tumefaction in the parasternal region. He denied physical symptoms but reported embarrassment and aesthetic discomfort with the presence of the prominence. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary approach of thoracic deformity is fundamental in acceptance and treatment, with PHC playing an essential role, since all the team must assist and provide, through treatment, a better aesthetic, physical and emotional quality of life to the patient, and these factors led us to document this case.


Introducción: El pectus carinatum (PC) es una deformidad poco frecuente de la pared torácica, que suele surgir en la infancia y se acentúa en la adolescencia. Esta malformación puede provocar trastornos estéticos y de autoestima, así como problemas respiratorios, que se deben a la restricción de la pared torácica. Hay pocos estudios brasileños dedicados exclusivamente al CP, y la mayoría de los trabajos están dirigidos al estudio del Pectus Excavatum (PE) o al estudio de ambas condiciones conjuntamente. Presentación del caso: Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 13 años que acude a Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) por la aparición de una tumefacción en la región paraesternal. Niega síntomas físicos, pero refiere malestar y vergüenza estética con la presencia de prominencia. Conclusiones: El abordaje multidisciplinar de la deformidad torácica es fundamental para su aceptación y tratamiento, teniendo la APS un papel fundamental, ya que todo equipo debe asistir y proporcionar, a través del tratamiento, una mejor calidad de vida estética, física y emocional al paciente, factores que nos han llevado a documentar este caso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Pectus Carinatum , Self Concept , Thoracic Wall
7.
Acta ortop. bras ; 30(5): e250612, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403047

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the sagittal tomographic reformatting of the sternum using unpublished radiographic parameters (indexes and angles), comparing them between the different types of pectus, and controls. Methods: 44 patients with pectus deformities and controls underwent chest CT for analysis. The types of pectus were classified into: inferior pectus carinatum (IPC), superior (SPC) and lateral (LPC), and broad (BPE) and localized pectus excavatum (LPE). The following tomographic parameters were created and measured: (1) spine-manubrium-sternum index (SMS); (2) column-sternum index (CSI); (3) manubrium-sternal angle (MSA); (4) inferior manubrium angle (IMA); and (5) inferior sternum angle (ISA). Statistical analysis was performed between the pectus and control groups, and between the different types of pectus. Results: There was a significant difference between: a) pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum when analyzing the SMS, CSI, MSA and ISA indexes. b) LPE and control group for SMS and ISA. c) LPC and LPE, and LPC and BPE for SMS; d) BPE and LPC for CSI; e) IPC and LPE, and IPC and BPE for ISA; f) SPC and LPE, and SPC and BPE for IMA. Conclusion: The radiographic indexes and angles created provided differentiation parameters between patients with different types of pectus, and between these and controls. Level of Evidence II, Prognostic Studies.


RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a reformatação tomográfica sagital do esterno por meio de parâmetros radiográficos inéditos (índices e ângulos), comparando-os entre os diferentes tipos de pectus e controles. Métodos: 44 pacientes com deformidades pectus e controles foram submetidos à TC do tórax para análise. Os tipos de pectus foram classificados em: pectus carinatum inferior (PCI), superior (PCS) e lateral (PCL), e pectus excavatum amplo (PEA) e localizado (PEL). Foram criados e mensurados os seguintes parâmetros tomográficos: (1) índice coluna-manúbrio-esterno (CME); (2) índice coluna-esterno (CE); (3) ângulo manúbrio-esternal (AME); (4) ângulo inferior do manúbrio (AIM); e (5) ângulo inferior do esterno (AIE). Foi realizada análise estatística entre os grupos pectus e controle, e entre os diferentes tipos de pectus. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre: a) pectus excavatum e pectus carinatum quando analisados os índices CME, CE, AIM e AIE; b) PEL e grupo controle para CME e AIE; c) PCL e PEL, e PCL e PEA para o CME; d) PEA e PCL para CE; e) PCI e PEL, e PCI e PEA para AIE; f) PCS e PEL, e PCS e PEA para AIM. Conclusões: Os índices e ângulos radiográficos criados forneceram parâmetros de diferenciação entre pacientes com diferentes tipos de pectus, e entre estes e controles. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos Prognósticos.

8.
Acta ortop. bras ; 29(4): 197-202, Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339058

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims the treatment results of broad pectus excavatum after a long-term follow-up and skeletal maturity. Methods: Eighty-four children and adolescents with broad-type pectus excavatum were selected for evaluation after treatment with a dynamic orthosis that applies compression to the lower rib projections and prescription of exercises. The broad pectus excavatum was defined as a deformity that the depressed area was greater and covered the area above and below the nipple line. All patients were evaluated for more than 1 year after the end of treatment and skeletal maturity. Post-treatment results were categorized as mild, moderate and severe. Statistic correlations between results and deformity flexibility, deformity severity, and adherence to treatment were assessed. Results: The mean age at the beginning of treatment was 13.3 years, and the follow-up duration was 25.7 months after suspension of orthosis use. Forty-eight percent of patients showed good results. With regular use of orthoses and performance of exercises, this rate increased to 70% (p < 0,001). Mild cases showed more success than severe cases (p = 0,007). Initial flexibility didn't influence the results (p = 0,63). Conclusion: Treatment of broad pectus excavatum with orthoses and exercises led to good definitive results in most resilient patients, especially in those with mild deformities. Level of Evidence V, Expert Opinion.


RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar os resultados de longo prazo e com seguimento até a maturidade esquelética do tratamento do pectus excavatum amplo. Métodos: 84 crianças e adolescentes foram tratados com uma órtese que aplicacompressão nas saliências costais inferiores, associada a exercícios específicos. A deformidade foi classificada como ampla quando a depressão tem maior extensão e abrange uma área acima e abaixo da linha mamilar. Os resultados foram categorizados em ruim, regular ou bom, sendo correlacionados estatisticamente com a flexibilidade, a gravidade da deformidade e a adesão ao tratamento, com avaliação um ano após o fim do tratamento e na maturidade esquelética. Resultados: A idade média no início do tratamento foi de 13,7 anos e o seguimento médio foi de 25.7 meses após a suspensão do uso da órtese. 48% dos casos apresentaram sucesso com o tratamento, mas quando os exercícios e o uso da órtese foram regulares, esta taxa aumentou para 70% (p < 0,001). Os casos mais leves tiveram maior sucesso que os de maior gravidade (p = 0,007), mas a flexibilidade inicial não influenciou os resultados (p = 0,63). Conclusão: O tratamento do pectus excavatum amplo com o uso de órtese e exercícios apresentou bons resultados definitivos na maioria dos pacientes resilientes, em especial nos casos mais leves. Nível de Evidência V, Opinião do Especialista.

9.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278672

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Spontaneous lung herniation (SLH) refers to a protrusion of the lung into an irregular opening through the parietal pleura occurring at the level of the chest wall, diaphragm, or mediastinum. This is a rare entity, and only about 300 cases have been reported worldwide. The following is the first case of SLH reported in Ecuador. Case presentation: This is a 59-year-old male patient with no history of trauma or chronic respiratory diseases. He attended the emergency department due to a 3-day history of hemoptysis, moderate pain in the right hemithorax, edema, submammary hematoma, and a chest wall hernia that was evident during respiratory movements and the Valsalva maneuver. A non-contrast chest CT scan showed free fluid in the right pleural cavity, alveolar patchy infiltrate, protrusion of the medial segment of the middle lobe, and displaced fractures in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs of the right hemithorax. Pneumonia, pleural effusion, and SLH with right rib fractures were diagnosed. Due to the patient's symptoms, surgical management with right thoracotomy with parasternal incision was decided to reduce the herniated lung parenchyma. Three months after surgery, follow-up imaging scans showed correct disposition of the osteosynthesis material. The patient did not present any discomfort, so follow-up and multidisciplinar^ medical management were continued. Conclusions: SLH is a very rare condition. Its diagnosis is mainly clinical, characterized by chest pain, presence of the hernial defect and sometimes a history of cough, as in this patient. The diagnosis is currently very precise, but treatment options are still under debate. However, surgical intervention is unquestionably the safest choice for achieving the best outcomes due to the rapid improvement of symptoms and the prevention of recurrences.


RESUMEN Introducción. La hernia pulmonar espontánea (HPE) es una protrusión del pulmón en una abertura anormal a través de la pleura parietal que se presenta a nivel de la pared torácica, el diafragma o el mediastino. Esta es una entidad infrecuente de la que solo se han reportado algo más de 300 casos a nivel internacional. A continuación, se presenta el primer caso de HPE reportado en Ecuador. Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 59 años sin antecedentes de trauma, ni patologías respiratorias crónicas, quien asistió al servicio de urgencias por cuadro clínico de 3 días de evolución consistente en hemoptisis, dolor en hemi-tórax derecho de moderada intensidad, edema, hematoma a nivel submamario y defecto herniario de la pared torácica que se evidenciaba durante los movimientos respiratorios y la maniobra de Valsalva. La tomografía simple de tórax mostró líquido libre en cavidad pleural derecha, infiltrado alveolar en parche, protrusión del segmento medial del lóbulo medio y fracturas desplazadas en la 2°, 3°, 4° y 5° costilla del hemitórax derecho. Se diagnosticó neumonía, derrame pleural y HPE con fracturas costales derechas. Se decidió dar manejo quirúrgico con toracotomía derecha con incisión paraesternal. Luego de 3 meses de postoperatorio, los controles de imagen mostraron correcta disposición de material de osteosíntesis. El paciente no presentó molestias y continuó en seguimiento y con manejo médico multidisciplinario. Conclusiones. La HPE es una patología infrecuente de diagnóstico principalmente clínico que se caracteriza por dolor torácico, presencia del defecto herniario y en algunas ocasiones antecedente de tos. El diagnóstico actualmente es muy preciso; sin embargo, su tratamiento aún se encuentra en discusión, pero sin dudas la intervención quirúrgica es la opción que aporta mejores resultados debido a la rápida mejoría de los síntomas y a que previene recidivas.

10.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 36(1): 66-73, 20210000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1150519

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El manejo quirúrgico de las lesiones de la pared costal con resección y reconstrucción con material protésico ha venido en aumento, debido al avance en las técnicas quirúrgicas y en la experiencia del cirujano, así como en la innovación y las características de los materiales protésicos, que permiten realizar resecciones amplias de la pared garantizando una mayor estabilidad esquelética, una menor alteración de la mecánica respiratoria y mejores los resultados estéticos. Métodos. Se presenta la experiencia en la clínica CardioVID, Medellín, Colombia, entre los años 2015 y 2019, mediante una revisión retrospectiva de 8 casos sometidos a resección de lesiones benignas de la pared torácica y reconstrucción con material protésico. Resultados. Se encontró una adecuada evolución de los pacientes, con un buen resultado estético y funcional, con adecuado control de la enfermedad, sin reportes de complicaciones ni de recidiva en el seguimiento. Discusión. Una técnica adecuada permite la reconstrucción de estos defectos con complicaciones mínimas y bajas tasas de extracción de prótesis, finalizando con excelentes resultados funcionales y cosméticos. Con nuestra experiencia podemos concluir que la elección adecuada de los pacientes candidatos a manejo quirúrgico, una buena técnica quirúrgica y un personal con experiencia son cruciales para lograr buenos resultados en cuanto a función pulmonar y estética. Además de lograr una sobrevida bajo los parámetros establecidos posterior a lograr una resección R0


Introduction. Surgical management of chest wall lesions with resection and reconstruction with prosthetic material has been increasing, due to advances in surgical techniques and surgeon's experience, as well as innovation and characteristics of prosthetic materials. They allow wide resections of the wall, guaranteeing greater skeletal stability, less alteration of respiratory mechanics, and better aesthetic results.Methods. The experience in the CardioVID clinic, Medellín, Colombia, between the years 2015 and 2019, is presented through a retrospective review of eight cases that underwent resection of benign lesions of the chest wall and reconstruction with prosthetic material.Results. An adequate evolution of the patients was found, with a good aesthetic and functional result, with adequate control of the disease, without reports of complications or recurrence in follow-up.Discussion. An adequate technique allows the reconstruction of these defects with minimal complications and low prosthesis extraction rates, ending with excellent functional and cosmetic results. With our experience, we can conclude that the proper choice of patients who are good candidates for surgical management, a good surgical technique, and an experienced staff are crucial to achieve good results in terms of lung function and aesthetics results, in addition to obtain survival under the established parameters after achieving an R0 resection


Subject(s)
Humans , Thoracic Wall , Prostheses and Implants , Thoracic Surgery , Neoplasms
11.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359749

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: O Tumor de Células Gigantes é uma neoplasia osteolítica benigna, porém agressiva, ricamente vascularizada e com numerosas células gigantes com atividade osteoclástica. Ocorre mais frequentemente nas epífises de ossos longos e raramente acomete as costelas (cerca de 1% dos casos). A apresentação deste tumor em porção anterolateral de arco costal é extremamente rara em comparação com a região posterior. O presente relato descreve o caso de uma paciente que apresentava uma tumoração dolorosa em parede torácica anterolateral esquerda, de crescimento insidioso. Exames de imagem revelaram uma lesão insuflativa em 10º arco costal esquerdo (4,2 x 3,5 cm), com áreas de calcificação interior. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico, com ressecção ampla do tumor, englobando 9º, 10º e 11º arcos costais e uma porção do diafragma. O diagnóstico definitivo de tumor de células gigantes se deu pela imunohistoquímica da peça cirúrgica. Este relato permite fornecer bases para o estudo das possibilidades terapêuticas desta patologia em localizações atípicas, reforçando que a exérese em bloco com margens amplas destes tumores promove uma menor chance de recidiva local. (AU)


ABSTRACT: Giant Cell Tumor is a benign but aggressive osteolytic neoplasm, richly vascularized and with numerous giant cells with osteoclastic activity. It often occurs in long bone epiphyses and rarely affects the ribs (about 1% of cases). The presentation of this tumor in the anterolateral portion of the costal arch is extremely rare compared to the posterior region. The present report describes the case of a patient who had a painful tumor on the left anterolateral chest wall, of insidious growth. Imaging exams revealed an insufflating lesion in the 10th left costal arch (4.2 x 3.5 cm), with areas of interior calcification. The patient underwent surgical treatment, with wide resection of the tumor, comprising 9th, 10th and 11th ribs and a portion of the diaphragm. The definitive diagnosis of giant cell tumor was made by immunohistochemistry of the surgical specimen. This report provides a basis for studying the therapeutic possibilities of this pathology in atypical locations, reinforcing that the block excision with wide margins of these tumors promotes a lower chance of local recurrence. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Ribs/pathology , Thoracic Surgery , Bone Neoplasms , Giant Cells , Thoracic Wall/surgery , Giant Cell Tumors
12.
Clin. biomed. res ; 41(2): 190-191, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341980

ABSTRACT

Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary bone malignancy, but its thoracic presentation is unusual compared to the pelvis and extremities. Chest wall chondrosarcomas are difficult to be surgically resected due to their proximity to neurovascular structures. We report the case of a 48-year-old man presenting with a history of chest bulging. Computed tomography showed a lesion of approximately 12 cm in the sagittal axis adjacent to the upper lobe of the left lung, compressing the upper lobar bronchus and causing parenchymal atelectasis. Biopsy revealed chondrosarcoma. The lesion extrinsically compressed the left pectoralis major muscle and invaded the left pectoralis minor muscle. After complete surgical resection, the patient was discharged on postoperative day 20. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chondrosarcoma/diagnosis , Chondrosarcoma/surgery
13.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 15(3): 411-413, sept. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127614

ABSTRACT

Lung abscess is a rare entity in pediatric age, but it generates significant morbidity. Even less frequent is the presence of this with spontaneous drainage to the skin, generating an abscess in the chest wall, reason for consultation, of the present clinical case. Subsequently, the presence of lung abscess with extension to the chest wall without pleural involvement was documented by imaging studies, an extremely rare and unusual entity, with only one case described in the world literature within our reach and in an adult patient.


El absceso pulmonar es una entidad infrecuente en la edad pediátrica, pero que genera una morbilidad importante. Aún menos frecuente es la presencia de este con drenaje espontáneo a piel, generando un absceso en pared torácica, motivo de consulta, del presente caso clínico. Posteriormente y por estudios imagenológicos se documentó la presencia de absceso pulmonar con extensión a pared torácica sin afectación pleural, una entidad extremadamente rara e inusual, con un solo caso descrito en la literatura mundial a nuestro alcance y en un paciente adulto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Fistula/complications , Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Lung Abscess/complications , Lung Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Thoracic , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Drainage , Thoracic Wall
14.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 20(3): 518-520, Jul-Sept. 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128473

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Mondor es una entidad clínica caracterizada por la aparición de una induración palpable similar a un cordón en la superficie del cuerpo. En general es considerada como una tromboflebitis benigna autolimitada que se resuelve en cuatro u ocho semanas sin ningún tratamiento específico. Se presenta un caso de aparición súbita y evolución favorable, espontánea. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura a propósito del mismo.


Mondor's disease is a clinical entity characterized by the appearance of a palpable cord-like lesion on the surface of the body. It is generally considered self-limiting benign thrombophlebitis that resolves in four to eight weeks without any specific treatment. It presents in the case of sudden appearance and favorable, spontaneous evolution. A literature review on the subject is carried out.

15.
Fisioter. Pesqui. (Online) ; 27(2): 155-160, abr.-jun. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133930

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a participação toracoabdominal durante a respiração e sua relação com os fatores de risco clínicos em recém-nascidos prematuros (RNPT). Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico, transversal, realizado em duas unidades de cuidado intermediário neonatal com RNPT entre 26-35 semanas, estáveis hemodinamicamente, que fizeram uso de oxigênio ou suporte ventilatório durante a fase da internação. O movimento lateral do tronco foi filmado por 2 minutos e os vídeos foram avaliados no software MATLAB® para interpretação quantitativa da participação toracoabdominal, por um pesquisador cego sobre os dados da amostra. Os dados foram expressos graficamente em cm2 representando os valores máximos, mínimos e médios da participação de tórax e abdômen. O coeficiente de Pearson foi usado para avaliar a correlação entre as variáveis neonatais com a mobilidade. Foram avaliados 2.080 frames de 26 RNPT com idade gestacional média de 31 semanas ±2,34. Quanto maior a idade e o peso, maior a participação do tórax na respiração (r=0,55; p=0,001); e quanto maior o tempo de internação, menor é a sua participação (r=-0,40; p=0,04). A participação do abdômen aumenta de acordo com o aumento do número de dias em uso de oxigênio (r=0,33; p=0,001) e diminui com o aumento da idade e do peso (r=-0,41; p=0,001). A participação toracoabdominal tem relação direta com a idade gestacional e o peso. Como fatores externos, o uso prolongado de oxigênio e o tempo de internação interferem negativamente no padrão respiratório, uma vez que o aumento da participação abdominal durante a biomecânica respiratória pode representar um gasto energético.


RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la participación toracoabdominal durante la respiración y su relación con los factores de riesgo clínico en recién nacidos prematuros (RNPT). Este es un estudio transversal, multicéntrico, realizado en dos unidades de cuidados intermedios neonatales con RNPT entre 26-35 semanas, hemodinámicamente estables, que utilizaron oxígeno o soporte ventilatorio durante la hospitalización. El movimiento lateral del tronco se filmó durante 2 minutos, y un investigador a ciegas sobre los datos de la muestra evaluó los videos por medio del software MATLAB® para la interpretación cuantitativa de la participación toracoabdominal. Los datos se reprodujeron gráficamente en cm2 representando los valores máximos, mínimos y promedio de la participación del tórax y el abdomen. El coeficiente de Pearson se utilizó para evaluar la correlación entre las variables neonatales con la movilidad. Se evaluaron 2.080 frames de 26 RNPT con una edad gestacional promedio de 31 semanas ±2,34. Cuanto mayor es la edad y el peso, mayor es la participación del tórax en la respiración (r=0,55; p=0,001), y cuanto más largo es el tiempo de hospitalización, menor será su participación (r=-0,40; p=0,04). La participación del abdomen aumenta conforme aumenta la cantidad de días utilizando oxígeno (r=0,33; p=0,001) y disminuye con el aumento de la edad y el peso (r=-0,41; p=0,001). La participación toracoabdominal está directamente relacionada con la edad gestacional y el peso. Como factores externos, el uso prolongado de oxígeno y el tiempo de hospitalización afectan negativamente al patrón de respiración, ya que el aumento de la participación abdominal durante la biomecánica respiratoria puede representar un gasto de energía.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the participation of thoracoabdominal muscles in breathing and its relationship with clinical risk factors in preterm newborns (PTNBs). This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in two neonatal intermediate care units with PTNBs between 26 and 35 weeks of age, hemodynamically stable, who used oxygen or ventilatory support during hospital stay. The lateral movements of the thorax were filmed for 2 minutes and the videos were quantitatively evaluated by a researcher blinded to sample data using the MATLAB Software for assessing thoracoabdominal participation patterns. Data for the maximum, minimum and mean values of the participation of the thorax and abdomen were expressed graphically in cm2. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between neonatal variables and mobility. We evaluated 2,080 frames of 26 newborns with an average gestational age of 31 weeks ±2.34. The greater the age and weight, the greater the participation of the thorax in breathing (r=0.55, p=0.001); and the longer the hospital stay, the lower the thoracic participation (r=-0.40, p=0.04). The participation of the abdomen increases according to the increase in the number of days of oxygen use (r=0.33, p=0.001) and decreases with higher age and weight (r=-0.41, p=0.001). The thoracoabdominal participation pattern is directly related to gestational age and weight. Prolonged use of oxygen and the length of hospital stay adversely affect the respiratory pattern, since increasing abdominal participation in respiratory biomechanics may increase energy expenditure.

16.
Autops. Case Rep ; 10(3): e2020166, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131826

ABSTRACT

The chest wall chondrosarcoma (CWC) is a rare slowly growing primary tumor of the chest wall with an incidence of <0.5 per million person-years. We present the case of a giant CWC that caused a mass effect on the mediastinum, heart, and lung. Large tumors with thoracic structures compression may be life threatening, and its resection and subsequent chest wall reconstruction represent a significant multidisciplinary surgical challenge. In this case, despite the large tumor dimensions, the preoperative planning—sparing key reconstructive options without compromising the tumor resection—allowed a complete en bloc tumor excision of a grade III chondrosarcoma with negative histologic margins. Successful reconstruction of the large full-thickness chest wall defect, with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap and methyl methacrylate incorporated into a polypropylene mesh in a sandwich fashion, was accomplished. Patient recovery was uneventful with good functional and aesthetic outcomes, and no evidence of recurrence at 1.5 years follow-up. This case report illustrates the main clinical, radiological, and histologic features of a CWC while discussing the surgical goals and highlighting the principles for chest wall reconstruction following extensive resection of a large and rare entity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bone Neoplasms/surgery , Chondrosarcoma/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Thoracic Wall/pathology , Heart , Lung , Mediastinum
17.
Mastology (Impr.) ; 29(2): 108-113, abr.-jun.2019.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008469

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate survival after chest wall resection for breast cancer locoregional recurrence. Secondary endpoints were symptomatic control and safety of the procedure. Method: This was a retrospective review including all patients who underwent chest wall resection for breast cancer local recurrence at the Division of Thoracic Surgery of the School of Medicine of São Paulo University, from January 1998 to November 2011. Full thickness chest wall resection involving bones and/or soft tissues was performed to achieve macroscopical free margins. Results: Eighteen patients were included in this study with a mean followup of 83.5 months. The interval between mastectomy and chest wall recurrence (CWR) was 4.2 years (0.5 to 9 years). The resection was complete in 12 patients (66%) and incomplete in 6 (33%), in whose resection would involve amputation of an upper limb. Mean tumor size was 8.25 cm and resection of the costal arch was necessary in 10 patients. There was no operation death and after two years, 66% of patients were alive. Six patients died due to distant recurrence of breast cancer on patients who died to inflammatory acute abdomen. The mean survival among patients who died was 25.2 months (12 to 42 months). At the last follow up visit, eleven patients were alive. Conclusion: CWR for locally recurrent breast cancer is feasible and safe in selected patients, who did not develop metastatic disease, allowing good quality of life for a considerable period. Larger and prospective series are needed to endorse our findings.


Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sobrevida após ressecção da parede torácica para recidiva locorregional de c âncer de mama. Desfechos secundários foram controle dos sintomas e a segurança do procedimento. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes submetidos à ressecção da parede torácica para recidiva local do câncer de mama na Divisão de Cirurgia Torácica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, de janeiro de 1998 a novembro de 2011. A ressecção da parede torácica foi realizada com espessura total podendo envolver ossos e/ou tecidos moles, a fim de atingir margens livres macroscópicas. Resultados: Dezoito pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo, com seguimento médio de 83,5 meses. O intervalo entre a mastectomia e a recidiva da parede torácica (RPT) foi de 4,2 anos (0,5 a 9 anos). A ressecção foi completa em 12 pacientes (66%) e incompleta em 6 (33%), cuja ressecção envolveria a amputação do membro superior. O tamanho médio do tumor foi de 8,25cm e a ressecção do arco costal foi necessária em 10 pacientes. Não houve óbito devido à operação e, após dois anos, 66% dos pacientes estavam vivos. Seis pacientes morreram devido à recorrência sistêmica do câncer de mama e uma paciente morreu devido a um abdome agudo inflamatório. A sobrevida média entre os pacientes que morreram foi de 25,2 meses (12 a 42 meses). Na última consulta de acompanhamento, onze pacientes estavam vivos. Conclusões: A RPT para a recidiva locorregional do câncer de mama é factível e segura em pacientes selecionados, que não desenvolveram doença metastática, permitindo boa qualidade de vida por um período considerável. São necessárias séries maiores e prospectivas para endossar nossas achados

18.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 37(2): 225-233, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013295

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the chest wall shape in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in comparison to healthy subjects and the association between the chest wall shape with the spine deformity and lung function in patients with AIS. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 30 AIS patients and 20 healthy subjects aged 11-18 years old. The Cobb angle evaluation was performed in AIS patients. The chest wall shape was assessed by the photogrammetry method, using the Postural Assessment Software (PAS). We created thoracic markers shaped as angles (A) and distances (D), as follows: A2 (right acromion/xiphoid/left acromion), A4L (angle formed between the outer point of the smallest waist circumference and its upper and lower edges on the left side), A7 (angle formed by the intersection of the tangent segments of the upper and lower scapulae angles), D1R/D1L [distance between the xiphoid process and the last false rib on the right (R) and left (L) sides], and D3 (distance between xiphoid process and anterior superior iliac spine). Results: The thoracic markers A2 and A7 were significantly higher, while the A4L and D1R/D1L were significantly reduced in the AIS group compared to the control. Moderate correlations were found between: A2 and the main and proximal thoracic Cobb angles (r=0.50, r=0.47, respectively); D1R/D1L and the main thoracic Cobb angle (r=- 0.40); and the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and D3R (r=0.47). Conclusions: The photogrammetry method was able to detect chest wall changes in AIS patients, besides presenting correlation between Cobb angles and lung function.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o formato da caixa torácica em pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA), comparando-os com indivíduos saudáveis e analisar a associação do formato da caixa torácica com a deformidade da coluna vertebral e função pulmonar em pacientes com EIA. Métodos: Estudo transversal que avaliou 30 pacientes com EIA e 20 indivíduos saudáveis com idade entre 11 e 18 anos. O ângulo de Cobb foi avaliado em pacientes com EIA. O formato da caixa torácica foi analisado pelo método da fotogrametria, utilizando o Software para Avaliação Postural (SAPO). Foram criados marcadores torácicos descritos como ângulos (A)e distâncias (D): A2 (acrômio direito/processo xifoide/acrômio esquerdo), A4E (ângulo formado entre o ponto externo da menor circunferência da cintura e suas bordas superior e inferior do lado esquerdo), A7 (ângulo formado pela interseção das retas tangentes aos ângulos superior e inferior das escápulas), D1D/D1E [distância entre o processo xifoide e a última costela falsa nos lados direito (D) e esquerdo (E)] e D3 (distância entre o processo xifoide e a espinha ilíaca anterossuperior). Resultados: Os marcadores torácicos A2 e A7 foram significativamente maiores, enquanto o A4E e o D1D/D1E foram significativamente menores no grupo EIA em relação ao controle. Foram encontradas correlações moderadas entre: A2 e os ângulos de Cobb torácico principal e proximal (r=0,50 e r=0,47, respectivamente); D1D/D1E e o ângulo de Cobb torácico principal (r=-0,40); e o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e D3D (r=0,47). Conclusões: O método da fotogrametria detectou alterações na caixa torácica de pacientes com EIA, além de apresentar correlações significativas entre os ângulos de Cobb e a função pulmonar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Scapula , Thoracic Vertebrae , Photogrammetry/methods , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Scoliosis/diagnosis , Scoliosis/physiopathology , Scoliosis/pathology , Brazil , Anthropometry/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Thoracic Wall/physiopathology , Thoracic Wall/pathology
19.
Rev. med. vet. zoot ; 66(1): 67-80, ene.-abr. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014238

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Este reporte de caso describe la resección quirúrgica exitosa de un condroma de gran tamaño localizado en las dos últimas costillas y pared abdominal craneal izquierda de un canino, usando una malla de polipropileno, omento y avance del diafragma. Se discute la técnica quirúrgica y los materiales utilizados en el procedimiento, así como la evolución posquirúrgica del paciente.


ABSTRACT This case report describes the successful surgical resection of a large chondroma located in the last two ribs and left cranial abdominal wall of a dog, using a polypropylene mesh, omentum and diaphragm advance. The surgical technique and the materials used in the procedure, as well as the postoperative outcome, are discussed.

20.
Autops. Case Rep ; 9(2): e20180780, Abr.-Jun. 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-994674

ABSTRACT

Hydatidosis is a frequent infestation in large endemic areas, caused by helminths. Primary localization within the muscle or bone tissues is rare. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with a cystic lesion located in the right pectoralis minor muscle, who was initially diagnosed with cystic lymphangioma by imaging examination. She was submitted for surgical treatment; in block resection of the tumor along with the involved muscle was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was of hydatid cyst. The contribution of the ancillary lab tests is analyzed for a precise preoperative diagnostic approach. This case well illustrates that the most likely is not always what it appears to be. Facing of a cystic lesion in the lungs, liver or muscle, clinicians should always think on hydatid disease, particularly in endemic areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Lymphangioma, Cystic/diagnosis , Thoracic Wall/pathology , Muscular Diseases/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Echinococcosis/diagnosis
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